Probiotic Supplementation: A Promising Preventive Strategy for Dental Caries

Abstract

Dental diseases are widespread health problems encountered globally. Tooth decay is one of the most widespread oral health issues globally. Key factors contributing to the development of dental caries include inadequate oral hygiene, the presence of specific carbohydrates in the diet, dental biofilm formation, high levels of cariogenic microbes, reduced salivary flow, insufficient fluoride exposure, gingival recession, genetic predispositions, and neglect of personal dental care. Various preventive strategies have been employed to lower the risk of developing dental caries. Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when taken in appropriate quantities, provide health benefits to the host. They are acknowledged as potential supplementary treatments for various diseases. This manuscript reviews recent research on the role of probiotics in preventing dental caries and explores the potential mechanisms behind their effects. Literature reviews show that regular consumption of probiotic products significantly lowers the risk of dental caries by inhibiting cariogenic bacteria and promoting beneficial microbes in the oral cavity. The beneficial effects of probiotics are likely due to their ability to buffer salivary pH, produce bacteriocins and enzymes (such as dextranase, mutanase, and urease), and compete for adhesion and colonization on tooth surfaces. Additional research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of long-term probiotic supplementation in controlling dental diseases and to assess how probiotic use during childhood affects the risk of developing caries.